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CQ Tauri

A visual band light curve for CQ Tauri, plotted from INTEGRAL OMC data
Observation data Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation	Taurus
Right ascension	05 35 58.467
Declination	24° 44′ 54.09″
Apparent magnitude (V)	10.48 (8.7 to 12.25)
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage	Pre-main-sequence
Spectral type	F5IVe
B−V color index	0.696±0.091
Variable type	Orion variable
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)	22.60±2.7 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 2.987 mas/yr Dec.: −26.364 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	6.6946 ± 0.0600 mas
Distance	487 ± 4 ly (149 ± 1 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	5.92
Details
Mass	1.67 M☉
Radius	1.7 R☉
Luminosity	10 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.0 cgs
Temperature	6,900 K
Metallicity	+0.14 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	105.0±5.0 km/s
Age	10 Myr
Other designations
CQ Tau, BD+24°873, HD 36910, HIP 26295, SAO 77299, PPM 94541
Database references
SIMBAD	data

CQ Tauri is a young variable star in the equatorial constellation of Taurus. It is too faint to be visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that ranges from 8.7 to 12.25. The distance to this star is approximately 487 light years based on parallax measurements, and it is drifting further away with a radial velocity of ~23 km/s. It appears to be part of the T-association Tau 4. CQ Tauri lies close enough to the ecliptic to undergo lunar occultations.

This star was independently reported as a variable by Artjukinov (sp?) in 1948 and C. Hoffmeister in 1949. Hoffmeister classified it as a member of the RW Aurigae-like variables with a brightness that ranged from an apparent visual magnitude of 8.7 down to 10.5, making it one of the brightest members of that type. G. H. Herbig in 1960 found a spectral class of F2 for this star, and by 1973 it was classed as an Orion variable of the T Tauri type. In 1968, W. Götz and W. Wenzel discovered a faint emission of blue light coming from the system.

Spectral images of the system in 1973 showed double emission lines on an F-type star. It was found to be an infrared source by IRAS and associated with nebulosity, which allowed it to be cataloged as a Herbig Ae/Be star in 1994 by P. S. Thé and associates. The star undergoes irregular brightness decreases that are otherwise similar to an Algol-like variation. It is being orbited by an inhomogeneous accretion disk, which is the source for the emission lines.

CQ Tauri is a pre-main-sequence star with a stellar classification of F5IVe. It has 1.67 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 10 times the Sun's luminosity with an effective temperature of 6,900 K. The star is about 10 million years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 105 km/s. Simulations intended to reproduce the distribution of the circumstellar disk suggest an embedded planet with a mass of 6–9 M_J is orbiting the star at a distance of ~20 AU. Near infrared observations in 2018 show a spiral structure in the disk that is consistent with the presence of an orbiting planet. However, no planet was detected.

Protoplanetary system

Observations with the Very Large Array during 2000 demonstrated the extent of the massive protoplanetary disk orbiting the star. The mass of dust in the disk was estimated at 1.5×10 M_☉. Measurements suggest the dust grains in the disk around CQ Tauri have grown to a maximum of about a centimetre in size, with decreasing grain size beyond 40 AU from the host star. Data from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array show a cavity in the inner disk that is depleted of gas and dust. Isolated, thick clouds of dust are randomly obscuring the star.

In 2022, four spiral arms were detected in the protoplanetary disk. An as yet unseen planet on an eccentric and inclined orbit is suspected to be disturbing the shape of the disk.

References

1. "OMC Archive". OMC Archive. The Astronomical Data Centre at CAB. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
2. ^ Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv:2012.01533. Bibcode:2021A&A...649A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
3. ^ Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv:1108.4971, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015, S2CID 119257644.
4. ^ Samus, N. N.; et al. (2017), "General Catalogue of Variable Stars", Astronomy Reports, 5.1, 61 (1): 80–88, Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S, doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085, S2CID 125853869.
5. ^ Testi, L.; et al. (May 2003), "Large grains in the disk of CQ Tau", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 403: 323–328, arXiv:astro-ph/0303420, Bibcode:2003A&A...403..323T, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030362, S2CID 14936233.
6. ^ Mora, A.; et al. (2001), "EXPORT: Spectral classification and projected rotational velocities of Vega-type and pre-main sequence stars", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 378 (1): 116–131, Bibcode:2001A&A...378..116M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011098.
7. ^ Gontcharov, G. A. (November 2006), "Pulkovo Compilation of Radial Velocities for 35495 Hipparcos stars in a common system", Astronomy Letters, 32 (11): 759–771, arXiv:1606.08053, Bibcode:2006AstL...32..759G, doi:10.1134/S1063773706110065, S2CID 119231169.
8. ^ Alecian, E.; et al. (February 2013), "A high-resolution spectropolarimetric survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars - I. Observations and measurements", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 429 (2): 1001–1026, arXiv:1211.2907, Bibcode:2013MNRAS.429.1001A, doi:10.1093/mnras/sts383.
9. ^ Giulia Ubeira Gabellini, M.; et al. (July 2019), "A dust and gas cavity in the disc around CQ Tau revealed by ALMA", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 486 (4): 4638–4654, arXiv:1905.00909, Bibcode:2019MNRAS.486.4638U, doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1138.
10. Stassun, Keivan G.; et al. (September 9, 2019), "The Revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List", The Astronomical Journal, 158 (4): 138, arXiv:1905.10694, Bibcode:2019AJ....158..138S, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467, ISSN 0004-6256.
11. Bochanski, John J.; et al. (March 13, 2018), "Fundamental Properties of Co-moving Stars Observed by Gaia", The Astronomical Journal, 155 (4): 149, arXiv:1801.00537, Bibcode:2018AJ....155..149B, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aaaebe, ISSN 0004-6256, S2CID 119256051.
12. "CQ Tau", SIMBAD, Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg, retrieved 2022-06-24.
13. Cassar, L.; et al. (March 1989), "Lunar Occultations of IRAS Point Sources, 1991--2000", Astrophysical Journal Supplement, 69: 651, Bibcode:1989ApJS...69..651C, doi:10.1086/191323. See table p. 658, IRAS 05328+2443.
14. ^ Ashbrook, J. (August 1950), "HD 36910: a bright variable of the RW Aurigae type", Astronomical Journal, 55: 148, Bibcode:1950AJ.....55..148A, doi:10.1086/106374.
15. Hoffmeister, Cuno (November 1949), "Die RW Aurigae-Sterne und ihre Nebenformen", Astronomische Nachrichten (in German), 278: 24, Bibcode:1949AN....278...24H, doi:10.1002/asna.19492780102. Listed as "S 3942 Tau".
16. Herbig, G. H. (May 1960), "Spectral Classifications for 112 Variable Stars", Astrophysical Journal, 131: 632, Bibcode:1960ApJ...131..632H, doi:10.1086/146876.
17. Cohen, M. (1973), "Infra-red observations of young stars - II. T Tauri stars and the Orion population", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 161: 97, Bibcode:1973MNRAS.161...97C, doi:10.1093/mnras/161.1.97.
18. Berdyugin, A. V.; et al. (August 1990), "Discovery of high linear polarization at brightness minima of CQ Tau", Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 67: 812, Bibcode:1990AZh....67..812B.
19. Herbig, G. H.; Bell, K. Robbin (Jun 1988), "Third Catalog of Emission-Line Stars of the Orion Population", Lick Observatory Bulletin, 1111, Santa Cruz, Bibcode:1988cels.book.....H.
20. The, P. S.; et al. (April 1994), "A new catalogue of members and candidate members of the Herbig Ae/Be (HAEBE) stellar group", Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement, 104: 315–339, Bibcode:1994A&AS..104..315T.
21. Kozlova, O. V.; et al. (January 2000), "The Accretion Activity of the Ae Herbig Star CQ Tau", Astronomy Reports, 44 (1): 36–44, Bibcode:2000ARep...44...36K, doi:10.1134/1.163821, S2CID 120162969.
22. Uyama, Taichi; et al. (March 2020), "Near-infrared Imaging of a Spiral in the CQ Tau Disk", The Astronomical Journal, 159 (3): 9, arXiv:1910.07605, Bibcode:2020AJ....159..118U, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab7006, S2CID 204743781, 118.
23. Testi, L.; et al. (June 2001), "Constraints on Properties of the Protoplanetary Disks around UX Orionis and CQ Tauri", The Astrophysical Journal, 554 (2): 1087–1094, arXiv:astro-ph/0102473, Bibcode:2001ApJ...554.1087T, doi:10.1086/321406, S2CID 119351472.
24. Banzatti, A.; et al. (January 2011), "New constraints on dust grain size and distribution in CQ Tauri", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525: A12, arXiv:1009.2697, Bibcode:2011A&A...525A..12B, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015206, S2CID 43056575, A12.
25. Trotta, F.; et al. (October 2013), "Constraints on the radial distribution of the dust properties in the CQ Tauri protoplanetary disk", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 558: A64, arXiv:1308.5070, Bibcode:2013A&A...558A..64T, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321896, S2CID 12042360, A64.
26. Dodin, A. V.; Suslina, E. A. (June 2021), "Inhomogeneous dust eclipses in young stars: the case of CQ Tauri", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 503 (4): 5704–5714, arXiv:2102.08911, Bibcode:2021MNRAS.503.5704D, doi:10.1093/mnras/stab487.
27. Hammond, Iain; Christiaens, Valentin; Price, Daniel J.; Ubeira-Gabellini, Maria Giulia; Baird, Jennifer; Calcino, Josh; Benisty, Myriam; Lodato, Giuseppe; Testi, Leonardo; Pinte, Christophe; Toci, Claudia; Fedele, Davide (2022), "External or internal companion exciting the spiral arms in CQ Tau?", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 515 (4): 6109–6121, arXiv:2207.08587, doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2119

Further reading

• Safonov, Boris S.; et al. (January 2022), "Apparent Motion of the Circumstellar Envelope of CQ Tau in Scattered Light", The Astronomical Journal, 163 (1): 31, arXiv:2111.02726, Bibcode:2022AJ....163...31S, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac36cb, S2CID 242757117, 31.
• Wölfer, L.; et al. (April 2021), "A highly non-Keplerian protoplanetary disc. Spiral structure in the gas disc of CQ Tau", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, arXiv:2012.04680, Bibcode:2021A&A...648A..19W, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039469, S2CID 228064514, A19.
• Assani, K. (January 2020), "Variability in the Gas and Dust Emission of the UX Orioni Star CQ Tau", Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 52 (1), Bibcode:2020AAS...23545101A.
• Ubeira Gabellini, Maria Giulia (December 2018), "The gas and dust disk around the CQ Tau pre-main sequence star", Protoplanetary disks seen through the eyes of new-generation high-resolution instruments. Proceedings of the conference held 25–28 June 2018 in Rome, Italy, p. 30, Bibcode:2018ppd..confE..30U, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1893261.
• Tax, Tomáš (November 2018), "Asymmetric CQ-Tau Transition Disk at High Angular Resolution", Take a Closer Look, 15–19 October 2018 in ESO-HQ, Garching b. München, Germany, p. 112, Bibcode:2018tcl..confE.112T, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1488994.
• Shenavrin, V. I.; et al. (May 2012), "Photometric activity of UX Ori stars and related objects in the near infrared and visual. BF Ori, CQ Tau, WW Vul, and SV Cep", Astronomy Reports, 56 (5): 379–394, Bibcode:2012ARep...56..379S, doi:10.1134/S1063772912040063, S2CID 255200894.
• Chapillon, E.; et al. (September 2010), "C I observations in the CQ Tauri proto-planetary disk: evidence of a very low gas-to-dust ratio?", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 520: A61, arXiv:1006.5244, Bibcode:2010A&A...520A..61C, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014841, S2CID 119177523, A61.
• Chapillon, E.; et al. (November 2008), Charbonnel, C.; et al. (eds.), "Disks around CQ Tau and MWC 758: Dense PDRs or gas dispersal?", SF2A-2008: Proceedings of the Annual meeting of the French Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics, p. 303, Bibcode:2008sf2a.conf..303C.
• Kozlova, O. V.; et al. (January 2007), "Structure of the inner region of the accretion disk of the Herbig Ae star CQ Tau based on long-term monitoring data", Astrophysics, 50 (1): 26–39, Bibcode:2007Ap.....50...26K, doi:10.1007/s10511-007-0004-z, S2CID 120401305.
• Doucet, C.; et al. (December 2006), "Mid-infrared imaging of the circumstellar dust around three Herbig Ae stars: HD 135344, CQ Tau, and HD 163296", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 460 (1): 117–124, arXiv:astro-ph/0608615, Bibcode:2006A&A...460..117D, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054371, S2CID 1722324.
• Shakhovskoj, D. N.; et al. (April 2005), "Analysis of the Historical Light Curve of the UX Ori Star CQ Tau", Astrophysics, 48 (2): 135–142, Bibcode:2005Ap.....48..135S, doi:10.1007/s10511-005-0014-7, S2CID 121443460.
• Shakhovskoy, D. N.; et al. (2005), "Variations of Effective Size of Dust Grains in CQ Tau", Protostars and Planets V, Proceedings of the Conference held October 24–28, 2005, in Hilton Waikoloa Village, Hawai'i. LPI Contribution No. 1286, no. 1286, p. 8119, Bibcode:2005prpl.conf.8119S.
• Minikulov, N. Kh.; et al. (1993), "Investigation of light curves of young irregular variables. 1. SV CEP and CQ Tau", Astrofizika, 36: 55–60, Bibcode:1993Afz....36...55M.
• Polosukhina, N. S.; Lebedeva, L. (December 1966), "Polarization and Brightness Variations of the Magnetic Variable HD 215441", Soviet Astronomy, 10: 407, Bibcode:1966SvA....10..407P.

v t e Constellation of Taurus
List of stars in Taurus Taurus in Chinese astronomy
Stars	Bayer α (Aldebaran) β (Elnath) γ (Prima Hyadum) δ (Secunda Hyadum) δ δ ε (Ain) ζ (Tianguan) η (Alcyone) θ θ (Chamukuy) ι κ κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ω Flamsteed 4 (s) 5 (f) 6 (t) 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 (Celaeno) 17 (Electra) 18 19 (Taygeta) 20 (Maia) 21 (Asterope) 22 (Asterope II) 23 (Merope) 24 26 27 (Atlas) 28 (Pleione) 29 (u) 30 (e) 31 32 33 36 37 (A) 39 (A) 40 41 44 (p) 45 46 47 48 51 53 55 56 57 (h) 58 60 62 63 66 (r) 70 71 72 75 76 79 (b) 80 81 83 84 85 88 (d) 89 90 (c) 93 95 96 97 (i) 98 (k) 99 101 103 104 (m) 105 106 (l) 107 108 109 (n) 110 111 113 114 (o) 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 139 140 44 Eri 49 Eri Variable T Y Z RR RV RW RY RZ SU SV SZ TU UX UZ VY XX XZ AA AH BP CD CI CM CQ CT CU CW CY DD DF DG DH DI DL DM DN DO DQ DR DS EQ EU FN FS FU FV GG GI GK GV HK HL HU IK V410 V441 V471 V473 V479 V534 V624 V647 V650 V710 V711 V731 V766 V773 V774 V781 V807 V818 V819 V826 V827 V830 V833 V834 V836 V837 V892 V987 V1038 V1062 V1079 V1116 V1137 V1141 V1143 V1156 V1187 V1229 V1232 V1241 (WX Cas) V1298 HR 1023 1028 1039 1067 1085 1089 1102 1103 1110 1119 1137 1159 1172 1183 1185 1188 1201 1222 1224 1233 1237 1238 1253 1254 1257 1279 1280 1284 1295 1307 1310 1315 1349 1354 1358 1360 1370 1385 1400 1402 1403 1406 1413 1425 1427 1436 1442 1445 1446 1448 1455 1477 1480 1490 1512 1517 1554 1566 1575 1585 1633 1642 1741 1750 1755 1831 1847 1860 1878 1902 1921 1929 1954 1997 2013 2074 HD 21032 21585 23514 23712 24040 24368 24496 26292 27860 28086 28678 29627 29647 36112 37124 38263 38524 245134 285507 Other 2MASS J03552337+1133437 2MASS J04070752+1546457 2MASS J0441+2301 A0535+26 BD +24 692 Butterfly Star CoKu Tau/4 Elias 16 Elias 18 GD 71 Gliese 176 Haro 6-37 HBC 379 HH 30 HII 686 HII 1306 HII 1883 HII 3163 HP Tau/G2 Hubble I 4 HZ 9 IRAS 04239+2436 IRAS 04248+2612 IRAS 04325+2402 IRAS 04381+2540 K2-25 L1489 IRS L1527 L1551 IRS 5 L1521F-IRS MWC 480 PSR B0525+21 PSR B0540+23 PSR J0348+0432 PSR J0538+2813 Teide 1 TMR-1 TMC-1A WD 0346+246 WISE 0410+1502
Exoplanets Aldebaran b ε Tauri b BD+20 594b HD 24040 b HD 37124 b c d Kojima-1Lb TOI-4603 b
Category

• Herbig Ae/Be stars
• Circumstellar disks
• Taurus (constellation)
• Durchmusterung objects
• Henry Draper Catalogue objects
• Hipparcos objects
• Objects with variable star designations
• Hypothetical planetary systems