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HR 1099

Location of HR 1099 (circled)
Observation data Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation	Taurus
A
Right ascension	03 36 47.291
Declination	00° 35′ 15.94″
Apparent magnitude (V)	5.91
B
Right ascension	03 36 46.844
Declination	00° 35′ 15.93″
Apparent magnitude (V)	8.79
Characteristics
Spectral type	K2:Vnk (K1 IV + G5 V + K3 V)
Variable type	RS CVn
Astrometry
A
Radial velocity (Rv)	−21.24±6.62 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −32.894 mas/yr Dec.: −161.772 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	33.7528 ± 0.0866 mas
Distance	96.6 ± 0.2 ly (29.63 ± 0.08 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	3.6
B
Radial velocity (Rv)	−15.34±0.18 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −34.359 mas/yr Dec.: −138.137 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	33.8664 ± 0.0226 mas
Distance	96.31 ± 0.06 ly (29.53 ± 0.02 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	6.5
Orbit
Period (P)	2.83774 d
Semi-major axis (a)	10.3 R☉
Eccentricity (e)	0.00 (assumed)
Inclination (i)	38°
Periastron epoch (T)	2,442,767.4 HJD
Argument of periastron (ω) (secondary)	0.00 (assumed)°
Semi-amplitude (K1) (primary)	52.6 km/s
Semi-amplitude (K2) (secondary)	64.1 km/s
Details
Component Aa
Mass	1.0 M☉
Radius	3.7 R☉
Surface gravity (log g)	3.30 cgs
Temperature	4,750 K
Metallicity	−0.16 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	39 km/s
Component Ab
Mass	0.8 M☉
Radius	1.1 R☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.26 cgs
Temperature	5,500 K
Component B
Mass	0.78 M☉
Radius	0.78 R☉
Luminosity	0.30 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.55 cgs
Temperature	4,829 K
Metallicity	+0.10 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	4.1 km/s
Age	2.2 Gyr
Other designations
STF 422, V711 Tau, BD+00°616, GC 4311, HD 22468, HIP 16846, HR 1099, SAO 111291, PPM 146726, ADS 2644, WDS J03368+0035
Database references
SIMBAD	data

HR 1099 is a triple star system in the equatorial constellation of Taurus, positioned 11′ to the north of the star 10 Tauri. This system has the variable star designation V711 Tauri, while HR 1099 is the star's identifier from the Bright Star Catalogue. It ranges in brightness from a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.71 down to 5.94, which is bright enough to be dimly visible to the naked eye. The distance to this system is 96.6 light years based on parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a radial velocity of about −15 km/s.

This system was discovered to be a double star by F. G. W. Struve in 1822, with the components A and B having an angular separation of 5.4″. (The separation was measured at 6.7″ in 2016.) R. E. Wilson in 1953 determined that the brighter member of this pair, component A, has a variable radial velocity. In 1963, O. C. Wilson noted that the same component shows very high emission cores in the calcium H and K absorption lines. Follow-up observations by O. C. Wilson in 1964 showed that the hydrogen–α line of component A is fully in emission and it displays moderate broadening due to rotation. He found a stellar classification of K3 V for component B, matching an ordinary K-type main-sequence star.

Observations during 1974–1975 demonstrated that component A is a spectroscopic binary star system of the RS Canum Venaticorum variable class. Given its average magnitude of around 5.9, it is one of the brighter known variables of this type. No eclipses were observed, but an orbital period of 2.838 days was determined. Most of the emission was found to be coming from the more massive member of this pair. Radio emission from the binary was detected by F. N. Owen in 1976. It was shown to be a soft X-ray source in 1978 using the HEAO 1 satellite.

This double-lined spectroscopic binary system consists of an evolving K-type subgiant and an ordinary G-type main sequence star. The two stars are orbiting so close to each other that their tidal effects are giving them an elliptical shape. The subgiant is filling about 80% of its Roche lobe. The chromosphere of the subgiant is one of the most active known, with a deep convective zone powering the magnetic dynamo. The G-type companion has a shallow convection zone and is less active.

In 1980, significant variations were found in some spectral features related to surface temperature, suggesting the presence of starspots. Doppler imaging confirmed these starspots are associated with the K subgiant. (It was the first cool star to have its surface Doppler imaged.) The evidence suggests that the spots first appear at low latitude then migrated toward the poles. These spots are much larger than they are on the Sun. About 70% of all spots have been observed at latitudes higher than 50°, particularly around the polar region. A polar spot has persisted for at least twenty years.

The baseline apparent magnitudes of the two stars, after subtracting the effects of starspots, is 5.80 and 7.20. Long term monitoring indicates the subgiant has two activity cycles, similar to the 11-year solar cycle. A 5.3±0.1 year cycle is associated with symmetrical flip-flopping of the spotted area between hemispheres. The longer 15–16 year cycle is a periodic variation in the total spot area. The global magnetic field of the star may be precessing with respect to the axis of rotation.

See also

• UX Arietis

References

1. ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
2. ^ Freund, S.; Robrade, J.; Schneider, P. C.; Schmitt, J. H. M. M. (2018), "The stellar content of the XMM-Newton slew survey", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 614: A125, arXiv:1712.07410, Bibcode:2018A&A...614A.125F, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732009, S2CID 59396964.
3. ^ Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
4. ^ Gray, R. O.; et al. (July 2006), "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: spectroscopy of stars earlier than M0 within 40 pc—The Southern Sample", The Astronomical Journal, 132 (1): 161–170, arXiv:astro-ph/0603770, Bibcode:2006AJ....132..161G, doi:10.1086/504637, S2CID 119476992.
5. ^ Lanza, A. F.; et al. (August 2006), "Long-term starspot evolution, activity cycle, and orbital period variation of V711 Tauri (HR 1099)", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 455 (2): 595–606, Bibcode:2006A&A...455..595L, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20064847.
6. ^ Samus, N. N.; et al. (2017), "General Catalogue of Variable Stars", Astronomy Reports, 5.1, 61 (1): 80–88, Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S, doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085, S2CID 125853869.
7. Strassmeier, K. G.; Bartus, J. (February 2000), "Doppler imaging of stellar surface structure. XII. Rapid spot changes on the RS CVn binary V711 Tauri = HR 1099", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 354: 537–550, Bibcode:2000A&A...354..537S.
8. ^ Donati, J. -F. (January 1999), "Magnetic cycles of HR 1099 and LQ Hydrae", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 302 (3): 457–481, Bibcode:1999MNRAS.302..457D, doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02096.x.
9. ^ Donati, J. -F.; et al. (November 2003), "Dynamo processes and activity cycles of the active stars AB Doradus, LQ Hydrae and HR 1099", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 345 (4): 1145–1186, Bibcode:2003MNRAS.345.1145D, doi:10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07031.x.
10. ^ Soubiran, Caroline; et al. (2016), "The PASTEL catalogue: 2016 version", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 591: A118, arXiv:1605.07384, Bibcode:2016A&A...591A.118S, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628497, S2CID 119258214.
11. ^ Stassun K.G.; et al. (October 2019), "The revised TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target List", The Astronomical Journal, 158 (4): 138, arXiv:1905.10694, Bibcode:2019AJ....158..138S, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab3467, S2CID 166227927.
12. Luck, R. Earle (January 2017), "Abundances in the Local Region II: F, G, and K Dwarfs and Subgiants", The Astronomical Journal, 153 (1): 19, arXiv:1611.02897, Bibcode:2017AJ....153...21L, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/153/1/21, S2CID 119511744, 21.
13. "HD 22468A". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
14. "HD 22468B". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
15. Sinnott, Roger W.; Perryman, Michael A. C. (1997), Millennium Star Atlas, vol. 1, Sky Publishing Corporation and the European Space Agency, p. 260, ISBN 0-933346-84-0.
16. Mason, Brian D.; et al. (2001), "The Washington Double Star Catalog", The Astronomical Journal, 122 (6): 3466, Bibcode:2001AJ....122.3466M, doi:10.1086/323920.
17. Wilson, O. C. (October 1963), "A Probable Correlation Between Chromospheric Activity and Age in Main-Sequence Stars", Astrophysical Journal, 138: 832, Bibcode:1963ApJ...138..832W, doi:10.1086/147689.
18. Wilson, O. C. (August 1964), "Chromospheric Activity and Lithium", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 76 (451): 238, Bibcode:1964PASP...76..238W, doi:10.1086/128091, S2CID 111386087.
19. "MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes". Space Telescope Science Institute. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
20. ^ Vogt, S. S.; Penrod, G. D. (September 1983), "Doppler imaging of spotted stars : application to the RS Canum Venaticorum star HR 1099", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 95: 565–576, Bibcode:1983PASP...95..565V, doi:10.1086/131208, S2CID 123206530.
21. ^ Bopp, B. W.; Fekel, F. Jr. (September 1976), "HR 1099: a new bright RS CVn variable", Astronomical Journal, 81: 771–774, Bibcode:1976AJ.....81..771B, doi:10.1086/111951, hdl:2152/34302.
22. Owen, F. N. (March 1976), Marsden, B. G. (ed.), "HR 1099", IAU Circular, 2929: 2, Bibcode:1976IAUC.2929....2O.
23. Walter, F.; Charles, P.; Bowyer, S. (August 1978), "Discovery of quiescent X-ray emission from HR 1099, RS CVn", Nature, 274 (5671): 569–570, Bibcode:1978Natur.274R.569W, doi:10.1038/274569b0, S2CID 4206226.
24. ^ Petit, P.; et al. (March 2004), "Magnetic topology and surface differential rotation on the K1 subgiant of the RS CVn system HR 1099", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 348 (4): 1175–1190, arXiv:astro-ph/0312238, Bibcode:2004MNRAS.348.1175P, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07420.x, S2CID 119463091.
25. Ramsey, L. W.; Nations, H. L. (August 1980), "HR 1099 and the starspot hypothesis for RS CVn binaries", Astrophysical Journal, 239: L121–L124, Bibcode:1980ApJ...239L.121R, doi:10.1086/183306.
26. ^ Berdyugina, Svetlana V.; Henry, Gregory W. (April 2007), "Butterfly Diagram and Activity Cycles in HR 1099", Astrophysical Journal, 659 (2): L157–L160, arXiv:astro-ph/0703530, Bibcode:2007ApJ...659L.157B, doi:10.1086/517881, S2CID 14242208.

Further reading

• Perdelwitz, V.; et al. (August 2018), "Long-term variations in the X-ray activity of HR 1099", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 616: A161, arXiv:1806.03033, Bibcode:2018A&A...616A.161P, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732222, S2CID 55130058, A161.
• Osten, Rachel A.; et al. (July 2004), "A Multiwavelength Perspective of Flares on HR 1099: 4 Years of Coordinated Campaigns", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 153 (1): 317–362, arXiv:astro-ph/0402613, Bibcode:2004ApJS..153..317O, doi:10.1086/420770, S2CID 119522693.
• Ransom, R. R.; et al. (June 2002), "Possible Corotation of the Milliarcsecond Radio Structure of the Close Binary HR 1099", Astrophysical Journal, 572 (1): 487–502, Bibcode:2002ApJ...572..487R, doi:10.1086/340300, S2CID 120225374.
• Ayres, Thomas R.; et al. (March 2001), "Chandra, EUVE, HST, and VLA Multiwavelength Campaign on HR 1099: Instrumental Capabilities, Data Reduction, and Initial Results", Astrophysical Journal, 549 (1): 554–577, Bibcode:2001ApJ...549..554A, doi:10.1086/319051, S2CID 15938906.
• Brinkman, A. C.; et al. (January 2001), "First light measurements with the XMM-Newton reflection grating spectrometers: Evidence for an inverse first ionisation potential effect and anomalous Ne abundance in the Coronae of HR 1099", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 365: L324–L328, arXiv:astro-ph/0011018, Bibcode:2001A&A...365L.324B, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000047, S2CID 15848464.
• Audard, M.; et al. (January 2001), "The XMM-Newton view of stellar coronae: Flare heating in the coronae of HR 1099", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 365: L318–L323, Bibcode:2001A&A...365L.318A, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000085.
• Vogt, Steven S.; et al. (April 1997), "Doppler Imagery of the Spotted RS CVn Star HR 1099 (= V711 Tau) from 1981 - 1992", Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 121: 547, arXiv:astro-ph/9704191, Bibcode:1997astro.ph..4191V, doi:10.1086/313195, S2CID 119515171.
• Trigilio, C.; et al. (February 1993), "VLBI observations of a strong radio flare in HR 1099", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 260 (4): 903–907, Bibcode:1993MNRAS.260..903T, doi:10.1093/mnras/260.4.903.
• Donati, J. -F.; et al. (November 1992), "Photospheric imaging of the RS CVn system HR 1099.", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 265: 682–700, Bibcode:1992A&A...265..682D.
• Donati, J. -F.; et al. (June 1990), "Detection of a magnetic region of HR 1099", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 232: L1–L4, Bibcode:1990A&A...232L...1D.
• Rodono, M.; et al. (April 1987), "Rotational modulation and flares on RS CVn and BY DRA stars. III. IUEobserations of V711 Tau = (HR 1099), II Peg and AR Lac", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 176: 267–284, Bibcode:1987A&A...176..267R.
• Lestrade, J. F.; et al. (July 1984), "Detection of a sub-milliarcsecond radio component in the RS CVn system HR 1099", Astrophysical Journal, 282: L23–L26, Bibcode:1984ApJ...282L..23L, doi:10.1086/184296.
• Fekel, F. C. Jr. (May 1983), "Spectroscopy of V711 Tauri (= HR 1099) : fundamental properties and evidence for starspots", Astrophysical Journal, 268: 274–281, Bibcode:1983ApJ...268..274F, doi:10.1086/160952.
• Dorren, J. D.; et al. (April 1981), "Starspots on V711 Tauri (HR 1099)", Astronomical Journal, 86: 572–582, Bibcode:1981AJ.....86..572D, doi:10.1086/112918.
• Brown, R. L.; Crane, P. C. (December 1978), "On the rapidly variable circular polarization of HR 1099 at radio frequencies", Astronomical Journal, 83: 1504–1509, Bibcode:1978AJ.....83.1504B, doi:10.1086/112352.
• Feldman, P. A.; et al. (December 1978), "Discovery of a strong radio flaring from HR 1099", Astronomical Journal, 83: 1471–1484, Bibcode:1978AJ.....83.1471F, doi:10.1086/112346.
• Bopp, B. W.; Talcott, J. C. (December 1978), "Survey of Halpha emission in V711 Tau (HR 1099) and related Ca II emission binaries", Astronomical Journal, 83: 1517–1521, Bibcode:1978AJ.....83.1517B, doi:10.1086/112355.
• Gibson, D. M.; et al. (December 1978), "VLA observations of HR 1099 during the 1977 international campaign", Astronomical Journal, 83: 1495–1498, Bibcode:1978AJ.....83.1495G, doi:10.1086/112350.
• Weiler, E. J.; et al. (August 1980), "Coordinated ultraviolet, optical, and radio observations of HR 1099 and UX Arietis", Astrophysical Journal, 239: L121–L124, Bibcode:1980ApJ...239L.121R, doi:10.1086/183306.
• Owen, F. N.; et al. (November 1976), "The detection of radio emission from the RS CVn binary HR 1099", Astrophysical Journal, 210: L27–L30, Bibcode:1976ApJ...210L..27O, doi:10.1086/182295.

v t e Constellation of Taurus
List of stars in Taurus Taurus in Chinese astronomy
Stars	Bayer α (Aldebaran) β (Elnath) γ (Prima Hyadum) δ (Secunda Hyadum) δ δ ε (Ain) ζ (Tianguan) η (Alcyone) θ θ (Chamukuy) ι κ κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ω Flamsteed 4 (s) 5 (f) 6 (t) 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 (Celaeno) 17 (Electra) 18 19 (Taygeta) 20 (Maia) 21 (Asterope) 22 (Asterope II) 23 (Merope) 24 26 27 (Atlas) 28 (Pleione) 29 (u) 30 (e) 31 32 33 36 37 (A) 39 (A) 40 41 44 (p) 45 46 47 48 51 53 55 56 57 (h) 58 60 62 63 66 (r) 70 71 72 75 76 79 (b) 80 81 83 84 85 88 (d) 89 90 (c) 93 95 96 97 (i) 98 (k) 99 101 103 104 (m) 105 106 (l) 107 108 109 (n) 110 111 113 114 (o) 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 139 140 44 Eri 49 Eri Variable T Y Z RR RV RW RY RZ SU SV SZ TU UX UZ VY XX XZ AA AH BP CD CI CM CQ CT CU CW CY DD DF DG DH DI DL DM DN DO DQ DR DS EQ EU FN FS FU FV GG GI GK GV HK HL HU IK V410 V441 V471 V473 V479 V534 V624 V647 V650 V710 V711 V731 V766 V773 V774 V781 V807 V818 V819 V826 V827 V830 V833 V834 V836 V837 V892 V987 V1038 V1062 V1079 V1116 V1137 V1141 V1143 V1156 V1187 V1229 V1232 V1241 (WX Cas) V1298 HR 1023 1028 1039 1067 1085 1089 1102 1103 1110 1119 1137 1159 1172 1183 1185 1188 1201 1222 1224 1233 1237 1238 1253 1254 1257 1279 1280 1284 1295 1307 1310 1315 1349 1354 1358 1360 1370 1385 1400 1402 1403 1406 1413 1425 1427 1436 1442 1445 1446 1448 1455 1477 1480 1490 1512 1517 1554 1566 1575 1585 1633 1642 1741 1750 1755 1831 1847 1860 1878 1902 1921 1929 1954 1997 2013 2074 HD 21032 21585 23514 23712 24040 24368 24496 26292 27860 28086 28678 29627 29647 36112 37124 38263 38524 245134 285507 Other 2MASS J03552337+1133437 2MASS J04070752+1546457 2MASS J0441+2301 A0535+26 BD +24 692 Butterfly Star CoKu Tau/4 Elias 16 Elias 18 GD 71 Gliese 176 Haro 6-37 HBC 379 HH 30 HII 686 HII 1306 HII 1883 HII 3163 HP Tau/G2 Hubble I 4 HZ 9 IRAS 04239+2436 IRAS 04248+2612 IRAS 04325+2402 IRAS 04381+2540 K2-25 L1489 IRS L1527 L1551 IRS 5 L1521F-IRS MWC 480 PSR B0525+21 PSR B0540+23 PSR J0348+0432 PSR J0538+2813 Teide 1 TMR-1 TMC-1A WD 0346+246 WISE 0410+1502
Exoplanets Aldebaran b ε Tauri b BD+20 594b HD 24040 b HD 37124 b c d Kojima-1Lb TOI-4603 b
Category

• G-type main-sequence stars
• K-type main-sequence stars
• K-type subgiants
• RS Canum Venaticorum variables
• Triple star systems
• Taurus (constellation)
• Bright Star Catalogue objects
• Durchmusterung objects
• Henry Draper Catalogue objects
• Hipparcos objects
• Objects with variable star designations