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Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 16 (CCL16) is a small cytokine belonging to the CC chemokine family that is known under several pseudonyms, including Liver-expressed chemokine (LEC) and Monotactin-1 (MTN-1). This chemokine is expressed by the liver, thymus, and spleen and is chemoattractive for monocytes and lymphocytes. Cellular expression of CCL16 can be strongly induced in monocytes by IL-10, IFN-γ and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Its gene is located on chromosome 17, in humans, among a cluster of other CC chemokines. CCL16 elicits its effects on cells by interacting with cell surface chemokine receptors such as CCR1, CCR2, CCR5 and CCR8.

C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 has been found in high levels in the blood plasma of humans. CCL16 may be useful for trafficking eosinophils. This ligand has been found to have a functional affinity for H4 receptors that are expressed by eosinophils and mast cells. This chemokine has been shown to suppress rapid proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells.

References

1. Youn BS, Zhang S, Broxmeyer HE, Antol K, Fraser MJ, Hangoc G, Kwon BS (June 1998). "Isolation and characterization of LMC, a novel lymphocyte and monocyte chemoattractant human CC chemokine, with myelosuppressive activity". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 247 (2): 217–22. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8762. PMID 9642106.
2. Nomiyama H, Fukuda S, Iio M, Tanase S, Miura R, Yoshie O (March 1999). "Organization of the chemokine gene cluster on human chromosome 17q11.2 containing the genes for CC chemokine MPIF-1, HCC-2, HCC-1, LEC, and RANTES". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 19 (3): 227–34. doi:10.1089/107999099314153. PMID 10213461.
3. Nomiyama H, Hieshima K, Nakayama T, Sakaguchi T, Fujisawa R, Tanase S, Nishiura H, Matsuno K, Takamori H, Tabira Y, Yamamoto T, Miura R, Yoshie O (August 2001). "Human CC chemokine liver-expressed chemokine/CCL16 is a functional ligand for CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5, and constitutively expressed by hepatocytes". International Immunology. 13 (8): 1021–9. doi:10.1093/intimm/13.8.1021. PMID 11470772.
4. Howard OM, Dong HF, Shirakawa AK, Oppenheim JJ (August 2000). "LEC induces chemotaxis and adhesion by interacting with CCR1 and CCR8". Blood. 96 (3): 840–5. doi:10.1182/blood.V96.3.840. PMID 10910894.
5. ^ Nakayama T, Kato Y, Hieshima K, Nagakubo D, Kunori Y, Fujisawa T, Yoshie O (August 2004). "Liver-expressed chemokine/CC chemokine ligand 16 attracts eosinophils by interacting with histamine H4 receptor". Journal of Immunology. 173 (3): 2078–83. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.2078. PMID 15265943.
6. "CCL16 C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16 [Homo Sapiens (Human)] Gene". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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