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Chlorine azide

Names

IUPAC name Chlorine azide

Identifiers

CAS Number

13973-88-1

3D model (JSmol)

Interactive image

ChemSpider

55609

PubChem CID

61708

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

DTXSID10161156

InChI

InChI=1S/ClN3/c1-3-4-2Key: ZGNIYAPHJAPRMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

==NCl

Properties

Chemical formula

ClN₃

Molar mass

77.4731 g/mol

Appearance

Yellow-orange liquid; colorless gas

Melting point

−100 °C (−148 °F; 173 K)

Boiling point

−15 °C (5 °F; 258 K)

Solubility

Soluble in butane, pentane, benzene, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and carbon disulfide; slightly soluble in water

Structure

Crystal structure

orthorhombic

Space group

Cmc 2₁, No. 36

Explosive data

Shock sensitivity

Extreme

Friction sensitivity

Extreme

Hazards

Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):

Main hazards

Extremely sensitive explosive

NFPA 704 (fire diamond)

0 4

Related compounds

Hydrazoic acid
Fluorine azide
Bromine azide
Iodine azide

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).

Y verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Chlorine azide (Cl N₃) is an inorganic compound that was discovered in 1908 by Friedrich Raschig. Concentrated ClN₃ is notoriously unstable and may spontaneously detonate at any temperature.

Preparation and handling

Chlorine azide is prepared by passing chlorine gas over silver azide, or by an addition of acetic acid to a solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium azide.

Explosive characteristics

Chlorine azide is extremely sensitive. It may explode, sometimes even without apparent provocation; it is thus too sensitive to be used commercially unless first diluted in solution. Chlorine azide reacts explosively with 1,3-butadiene, ethane, ethene, methane, propane, phosphorus, silver azide, and sodium. On contact with acid, chlorine azide decomposes, evolving toxic and corrosive hydrogen chloride gas.

Regulatory information

Its shipment is subject to strict reporting requirements and regulations by the US Department of Transportation.

References

Lyhs, Benjamin; Bläser, Dieter; Wölper, Christoph; Schulz, Stephan; Jansen, Georg (2012). "A Comparison of the Solid-State Structures of Halogen Azides XN₃ (X=Cl, Br, I)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 51 (51): 12859–12863. doi:10.1002/anie.201206028. PMID 23143850.
Frierson, W. J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide. II. Interaction of Chlorine Azide and Silver Azide. Azino Silver Chloride, N₃AgCl". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 65 (9): 1698–1700. Bibcode:1943JAChS..65.1698F. doi:10.1021/ja01249a013.
Frierson, W. J.; Kronrad, J.; Browne, A. W. (1943). "Chlorine Azide, ClN₃. I.". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 65 (9): 1696–1698. Bibcode:1943JAChS..65.1696F. doi:10.1021/ja01249a012.
Raschig, F. (1908). "Über Chlorazid N₃Cl". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. 41 (3): 4194–4195. doi:10.1002/cber.190804103130.
CID 61708 from PubChem

External links

Media related to Chlorine azide at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Chlorine compounds
Chlorides and acids	HCl HClO HClO₂ HClO₃ HClO₄ HSO₃Cl BaClF BCl₃ CCl₄ SiCl₄ TiCl₄ C₃H₅Cl
Chlorine fluorides	ClF ClF₃ ClF₅
Chlorine oxides	ClO ClO₂ Cl₂O Cl₂O₂ Cl₂O₃ Cl₂O₄ Cl₂O₅ Cl₂O₆ Cl₂O₇ ClO₄
Chlorine oxyfluorides	ClOF ClOF₃ ClO₂F ClOF₅ (predicted) ClO₂F₃ ClO₃F
Chlorine(I) derivatives	ClNO₃ ClSO₃F ClN₃ Cl₃N

v t e Nitrogen species
Hydrides	NH₃ NH+4 NH−2 N NH₂OH N₂H₄ HN₃ N−3 NH₅ (?)
Organic	NR₃ >C=NR −CONR₂ −CN HCN CN (CN)₂ H₂NCN HOCN HNCO HNCS CH₂N₂ −NO −NO₂
Oxides	NO / (NO)₂ N₂O₃ HNO₂ / NO−2 / NO NO₂ / (NO₂)₂ N₂O₅ HNO₃ / NO−3 / NO+2 NO₃ HNO / (HON)₂ / N₂O−2 / N₂O H₂NNO₂ HO₂NO / ONOO HO₂NO₂ / O₂NOO NO−4 H₄N₂O₄ / N₂O2−3
Halides	NF NF₂ NF₃ NF₅ (?) NCl₃ NBr₃ NI₃ FN₃ ClN₃ BrN₃ IN₃ NH₂F N₂F₂ NH₂Cl NHF₂ NHCl₂ NHBr₂ NHI₂
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a strongly acidic oxide)