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From 2014 to 2018, Kobes worked as General Counsel to U.S. Senator Mike Rounds. He was also a member of the Central Committee of the Lincoln CountyRepublican Party.
Federal judicial service
On June 7, 2018, President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Kobes to serve as a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. On June 11, 2018, his nomination was sent to the Senate. Trump nominated Kobes to the seat being vacated by Judge Roger Leland Wollman, who previously announced his intention to assume senior status upon confirmation of a successor. On August 22, 2018, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. On September 14, 2018, the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary rated Kobes "Not Qualified." The ABA's report said that Kobes was "a very accomplished, competent, and capable person, but his career path has not resulted in sufficient evidence of a developed ability to do the written work of a United States circuit court judge." The ABA report questioned Kobes' understanding of "complex legal analysis" and "knowledge of the law". At the time of his nomination, Kobes had tried six cases during his legal career, cases that the ABA considered straightforward and not "legally complex".
On October 11, 2018, Kobes' nomination was reported out of the Senate Judiciary Committee by a 11–10 vote. On November 29, 2018, the United States Senate invoked cloture on Kobes' nomination by a 50–49 vote, with Vice President Mike Pencebreaking the tie. On December 11, 2018, he was confirmed by a 51–50 vote, with Pence casting his vote in the affirmative. He was the first federal judicial nominee ever confirmed by a tie-breaking vote. Kobes received his judicial commission on December 12, 2018.
Notable cases
In December 2021, Kobes upheld the 20-year prison sentence of a doctor at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs who misdiagnosed a patient, resulting in the patient's death.
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