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In 2018, Kolar was selected as a United States magistrate judge for the Northern District of Indiana in the Hammond division. He filled the vacancy left by the retirement of Judge Paul R. Cherry. He assumed office on January 1, 2019.
Court of appeals
On July 27, 2023, President Joe Biden nominated Kolar to serve as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. President Biden nominated Kolar to the seat vacated by Judge Michael Stephen Kanne, who died on June 16, 2022. Republican Senator Todd Young released a statement after the president nominated Kolar, stating that he supports Kolar. On September 6, 2023, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee. During his confirmation hearing, he was questioned by Senator Marsha Blackburn over a case that he presided in 2019. On September 28, 2023, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 16–5 vote. On January 3, 2024, his nomination was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate; and he was renominated on January 8, 2024. On January 18, 2024, his nomination was reported out of committee by a 16–5 vote. On January 25, 2024, the Senate invoked cloture on his nomination by a 66–29 vote. On January 30, 2024, his nomination was confirmed by a 66–25 vote. He received his judicial commission on January 31, 2024.