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LMNA
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1IFR, 1IVT, 1X8Y, 2XV5, 2YPT, 3GEF, 3V4Q, 3V4W, 3V5B
Identifiers
Aliases	LMNA, CDCD1, CDDC, CMD1A, CMT2B1, EMD2, FPL, FPLD, FPLD2, HGPS, IDC, LDP1, LFP, LGMD1B, LMN1, LMNC, LMNL1, PRO1, lamin A/C, MADA, A-type lamin
External IDs	OMIM: 150330; MGI: 96794; HomoloGene: 41321; GeneCards: LMNA; OMA:LMNA - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human) Band 1q22 Start 156,082,573 bp End 156,140,081 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse) Band 3 F1|3 38.84 cM Start 88,387,454 bp End 88,417,263 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in nipple gastric mucosa skin of abdomen tendon of biceps brachii gallbladder skin of leg Descending thoracic aorta stromal cell of endometrium Achilles tendon left uterine tube Top expressed in ascending aorta aortic valve external carotid artery internal carotid artery endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel lip condyle skin of back skin of external ear lactiferous gland More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function structural molecule activity protein binding identical protein binding Cellular component nuclear lamina cytosol nuclear speck lamin filament perinuclear region of cytoplasm intermediate filament nucleus extracellular matrix nuclear membrane nucleoplasm nuclear envelope Biological process regulation of cell migration nucleus organization establishment or maintenance of microtubule cytoskeleton polarity negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway muscle organ development regulation of protein localization to nucleus IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response mitotic nuclear membrane disassembly protein localization to nucleus mitotic nuclear membrane reassembly ventricular cardiac muscle cell development cellular response to hypoxia positive regulation of gene expression negative regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation nuclear envelope organization negative regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of telomere maintenance negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress protein import into nucleus regulation of protein stability positive regulation of histone H3-K9 trimethylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4000 16905 Ensembl ENSG00000160789 ENSMUSG00000028063 UniProt P02545 P48678 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001257374 NM_001282624 NM_001282625 NM_001282626 NM_005572 NM_170707 NM_170708 NM_001002011 NM_001111102 NM_019390 RefSeq (protein) NP_001244303 NP_001269553 NP_001269554 NP_001269555 NP_005563 NP_733821 NP_733822 NP_001002011 NP_001104572 NP_062263 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 156.08 – 156.14 Mb Chr 3: 88.39 – 88.42 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Prelamin-A/C, or lamin A/C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LMNA gene. Lamin A/C belongs to the lamin family of proteins.

Function

In the setting of ZMPSTE24 deficiency, the final step of lamin processing does not occur, resulting in an accumulation of farnesyl-prelamin A. In Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, a 50-amino acid deletion in prelamin A (amino acids 607–656) removes the site for the second endoproteolytic cleavage. Consequently, no mature lamin A is formed, and a farnesylated mutant prelamin A (progerin) accumulates in cells. The nuclear lamina consist of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located next to the inner nuclear membrane. The lamin family of proteins make up the matrix and are highly conserved in evolution. During mitosis, the lamina matrix is reversibly disassembled as the lamin proteins are phosphorylated. Lamin proteins are thought to be involved in nuclear stability, chromatin structure and gene expression. Vertebrate lamins consist of two types, A and B. Through alternate splicing, this gene encodes three type A lamin isoforms.

Early in mitosis, maturation promoting factor (abbreviated MPF, also called mitosis-promoting factor or M-phase-promoting factor) phosphorylates specific serine residues in all three nuclear lamins, causing depolymerization of the lamin intermediate filaments. The phosphorylated lamin B dimers remain associated with the nuclear membrane via their isoprenyl anchor. Lamin A is targeted to the nuclear membrane by an isoprenyl group but it is cleaved shortly after arriving at the membrane. It stays associated with the membrane through protein-protein interactions of itself and other membrane associated proteins, such as TOR1AIP1 (LAP1). Depolymerization of the nuclear lamins leads to disintegration of the nuclear envelope. Transfection experiments demonstrate that phosphorylation of human lamin A is required for lamin depolymerization, and thus for disassembly of the nuclear envelope, which normally occurs early in mitosis.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the LMNA gene are associated with several diseases, including Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, familial partial lipodystrophy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, and restrictive dermopathy. A truncated version of lamin A, commonly known as progerin, causes Hutchinson-Gilford-Progeria syndrome. To date over 1,400 SNPs are known . They can manifest in changes on mRNA, splicing or protein (e.g. Arg471Cys, Arg482Gln, Arg527Leu, Arg527Cys, Ala529Val ) level.

DNA damage

DNA double-strand damages can be repaired by either homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). LMNA promotes genetic stability by maintaining the levels of proteins that have key roles in HR and NHEJ. Mouse cells that are deficient for maturation of prelamin A have increased DNA damage and chromosome aberrations, and show increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. In progeria, the inadequacy of DNA repair, due to defective LMNA, may cause features of premature aging (see DNA damage theory of aging).

Interactions

LMNA has been shown to interact with:

• ALOX12
• EMD
• NARF
• SREBF1
• TMPO
• ZNF239
• SIRT1

References

1. ^ GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160789 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. ^ GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028063 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Lin F, Worman HJ (1993). "Structural organization of the human gene encoding nuclear lamin A and nuclear lamin C". J Biol Chem. 268 (22): 16321–16326. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)85424-8. PMID 8344919.
6. Kamat AK, Rocchi M, Smith DI, Miller OJ (March 1993). "Lamin A/C gene and a related sequence map to human chromosomes 1q12.1-q23 and 10". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 19 (2): 203–8. doi:10.1007/BF01233534. PMID 8511676. S2CID 32913788.
7. Wydner KL, McNeil JA, Lin F, Worman HJ, Lawrence JB (March 1996). "Chromosomal assignment of human nuclear envelope protein genes LMNA, LMNB1, and LBR by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 32 (3): 474–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0146. PMID 8838815.
8. Buxboim A, Swift J, Irianto J, Spinler KR, Dingal PC, Athirasala A, Kao YR, Cho S, Harada T, Shin JW, Discher DE (2014). "Matrix elasticity regulates lamin-A,C phosphorylation and turnover with feedback to actomyosin". Current Biology. 24 (16): 1909–17. Bibcode:2014CBio...24.1909B. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.07.001. PMC 4373646. PMID 25127216.
9. Coutinho HD, Falcão-Silva VS, Gonçalves GF, da Nóbrega RB (2009). "Molecular ageing in progeroid syndromes: Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome as a model". Immun Ageing. 6: 4. doi:10.1186/1742-4933-6-4. PMC 2674425. PMID 19379495.
10. "Entrez Gene: LMNA lamin A/C".
11. Al-Haggar M, Madej-Pilarczyk A, Kozlowski L, Bujnicki JM, Yahia S, Abdel-Hadi D, Shams A, Ahmad N, Hamed S, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M (2012). "A novel homozygous p.Arg527Leu LMNA mutation in two unrelated Egyptian families causes overlapping mandibuloacral dysplasia and progeria syndrome". Eur J Hum Genet. 20 (11): 1134–40. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2012.77. PMC 3476705. PMID 22549407.
12. Capell BC, Collins FS (December 2006). "Human laminopathies: nuclei gone genetically awry". Nat. Rev. Genet. 7 (12): 940–52. doi:10.1038/nrg1906. PMID 17139325. S2CID 13438737.
13. Rankin J, Ellard S (October 2006). "The laminopathies: a clinical review". Clin. Genet. 70 (4): 261–74. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2006.00677.x. PMID 16965317. S2CID 7234475.
14. Zirn B, Kress W, Grimm T, Berthold LD, Neubauer B, Kuchelmeister K, Müller U, Hahn A (2008). "Association of homozygous LMNA mutation R471C with new phenotype: mandibuloacral dysplasia, progeria, and rigid spine muscular dystrophy". Am J Med Genet A. 146A (8): 1049–1054. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.32259. PMID 18348272. S2CID 205309256.
15. Cao H, Hegele RA (2002). "Nuclear lamin A/C R482Q mutation in Canadian kindreds with Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy". Hum. Mol. Genet. 9 (1): 109–12. doi:10.1093/hmg/9.1.109. PMID 10587585.
16. Al-Haggar M, Madej-Pilarczyk A, Kozlowski L, Bujnicki JM, Yahia S, Abdel-Hadi D, Shams A, Ahmad N, Hamed S, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M (2012). "A novel homozygous p.Arg527Leu LMNA mutation in two unrelated Egyptian families causes overlapping mandibuloacral dysplasia and progeria syndrome". Eur J Hum Genet. 20 (11): 1134–40. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2012.77. PMC 3476705. PMID 22549407.
17. Agarwal AK, Kazachkova I, Ten S, Garg A (2008). "Severe mandibuloacral dysplasia-associated lipodystrophy and progeria in a young girl with a novel homozygous Arg527Cys LMNA mutation". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 93 (12): 4617–4623. doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0123. PMC 2626450. PMID 18796515.
18. Garg A, Cogulu O, Ozkinay F, Onay H, Agarwal AK (2005). "A novel homozygous Ala529Val LMNA mutation in Turkish patients with mandibuloacral dysplasia". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90 (9): 5259–64. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2560. PMID 15998779.
19. Redwood AB, Perkins SM, Vanderwaal RP, Feng Z, Biehl KJ, Gonzalez-Suarez I, Morgado-Palacin L, Shi W, Sage J, Roti-Roti JL, Stewart CL, Zhang J, Gonzalo S (2011). "A dual role for A-type lamins in DNA double-strand break repair". Cell Cycle. 10 (15): 2549–60. doi:10.4161/cc.10.15.16531. PMC 3180193. PMID 21701264.
20. Gonzalo S, Kreienkamp R (2015). "DNA repair defects and genome instability in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 34: 75–83. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2015.05.007. PMC 4522337. PMID 26079711.
21. Liu B, Wang J, Chan KM, Tjia WM, Deng W, Guan X, Huang JD, Li KM, Chau PY, Chen DJ, Pei D, Pendas AM, Cadiñanos J, López-Otín C, Tse HF, Hutchison C, Chen J, Cao Y, Cheah KS, Tryggvason K, Zhou Z (2005). "Genomic instability in laminopathy-based premature aging". Nat. Med. 11 (7): 780–5. doi:10.1038/nm1266. PMID 15980864. S2CID 11798376.
22. Tang K, Finley RL, Nie D, Honn KV (March 2000). "Identification of 12-lipoxygenase interaction with cellular proteins by yeast two-hybrid screening". Biochemistry. 39 (12): 3185–91. doi:10.1021/bi992664v. PMID 10727209.
23. Wilkinson FL, Holaska JM, Zhang Z, Sharma A, Manilal S, Holt I, Stamm S, Wilson KL, Morris GE (June 2003). "Emerin interacts in vitro with the splicing-associated factor, YT521-B". Eur. J. Biochem. 270 (11): 2459–66. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03617.x. PMID 12755701. S2CID 5963743.
24. Lattanzi G, Cenni V, Marmiroli S, Capanni C, Mattioli E, Merlini L, Squarzoni S, Maraldi NM (April 2003). "Association of emerin with nuclear and cytoplasmic actin is regulated in differentiating myoblasts". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 303 (3): 764–70. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00415-7. PMID 12670476.
25. Sakaki M, Koike H, Takahashi N, Sasagawa N, Tomioka S, Arahata K, Ishiura S (February 2001). "Interaction between emerin and nuclear lamins". J. Biochem. 129 (2): 321–7. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a002860. PMID 11173535.
26. Clements L, Manilal S, Love DR, Morris GE (January 2000). "Direct interaction between emerin and lamin A". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267 (3): 709–14. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.2023. PMID 10673356.
27. Barton RM, Worman HJ (October 1999). "Prenylated prelamin A interacts with Narf, a novel nuclear protein". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (42): 30008–18. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.42.30008. PMID 10514485.
28. Lloyd DJ, Trembath RC, Shackleton S (April 2002). "A novel interaction between lamin A and SREBP1: implications for partial lipodystrophy and other laminopathies". Hum. Mol. Genet. 11 (7): 769–77. doi:10.1093/hmg/11.7.769. PMID 11929849.
29. Markiewicz E, Dechat T, Foisner R, Quinlan RA, Hutchison CJ (December 2002). "Lamin A/C binding protein LAP2alpha is required for nuclear anchorage of retinoblastoma protein". Mol. Biol. Cell. 13 (12): 4401–13. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-07-0450. PMC 138642. PMID 12475961.
30. Dechat T, Korbei B, Vaughan OA, Vlcek S, Hutchison CJ, Foisner R (October 2000). "Lamina-associated polypeptide 2alpha binds intranuclear A-type lamins". J. Cell Sci. 113 (19): 3473–84. doi:10.1242/jcs.113.19.3473. PMID 10984438.
31. Dreuillet C, Tillit J, Kress M, Ernoult-Lange M (November 2002). "In vivo and in vitro interaction between human transcription factor MOK2 and nuclear lamin A/C". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (21): 4634–42. doi:10.1093/nar/gkf587. PMC 135794. PMID 12409453.
32. Liu B, Ghosh S, Yang X, Zheng H, Liu X, Wang Z, Jin G, Zheng B, Kennedy BK, Suh Y, Kaeberlein M, Tryggvason K, Zhou Z (2012). "Resveratrol Rescues SIRT1-Dependent Adult Stem Cell Decline and Alleviates Progeroid Features in Laminopathy-Based Progeria". Cell Metabolism. 16 (6): 738–750. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.11.007. PMID 23217256.

Further reading

• Gruenbaum Y, Wilson KL, Harel A, Goldberg M, Cohen M (2000). "Review: nuclear lamins--structural proteins with fundamental functions". J. Struct. Biol. 129 (2–3): 313–23. doi:10.1006/jsbi.2000.4216. PMID 10806082.
• Worman HJ, Courvalin JC (2000). "The inner nuclear membrane". J. Membr. Biol. 177 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1007/s002320001096. PMID 10960149. S2CID 20121844.
• Burke B, Mounkes LC, Stewart CL (2002). "The nuclear envelope in muscular dystrophy and cardiovascular diseases". Traffic. 2 (10): 675–83. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0854.2001.21001.x. PMID 11576443. S2CID 19392394.
• Mounkes LC, Burke B, Stewart CL (2001). "The A-type lamins: nuclear structural proteins as a focus for muscular dystrophy and cardiovascular diseases". Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 11 (7): 280–5. doi:10.1016/S1050-1738(01)00126-8. PMID 11709282.
• Vigouroux C, Magré J, Desbois-Mouthon C, Lascols O, Cherqui G, Caron M, Capeau J (2002). "". J. Soc. Biol. 195 (3): 249–57. doi:10.1051/jbio/2001195030249. PMID 11833462. S2CID 70531120.
• Helbling-Leclerc A, Bonne G, Schwartz K (2002). "Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy". Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 10 (3): 157–61. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200744. PMID 11973618.
• Burke B, Stewart CL (2002). "Life at the edge: the nuclear envelope and human disease". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3 (8): 575–85. doi:10.1038/nrm879. PMID 12154369. S2CID 11913118.
• Novelli G, D'Apice MR (2004). "The strange case of the "lumper" lamin A/C gene and human premature ageing". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 9 (9): 370–5. doi:10.1016/S1471-4914(03)00162-X. PMID 13129702.
• Pasotti M, Repetto A, Pisani A, Arbustini E (2004). "". Italian Heart Journal Supplement. 5 (2): 98–111. PMID 15080529.
• Al-Shali KZ, Hegele RA (2005). "Laminopathies and atherosclerosis". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 24 (9): 1591–5. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000136392.59656.8b. PMID 15205220.
• Garg A, Cogulu O, Ozkinay F, Onay H, Agarwal AK (2005). "A novel homozygous Ala529Val LMNA mutation in Turkish patients with mandibuloacral dysplasia". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90 (9): 5259–64. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2560. PMID 15998779.
• Lees-Miller SP (2006). "Dysfunction of lamin A triggers a DNA damage response and cellular senescence". DNA Repair (Amst.). 5 (2): 286–9. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.10.007. PMID 16344005.
• Donadille B, Lascols O, Capeau J, Vigouroux C (2006). "Etiological investigations in apparent type 2 diabetes: when to search for lamin A/C mutations?". Diabetes Metab. 31 (6): 527–32. doi:10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70227-6. PMID 16357800.
• Young SG, Meta M, Yang SH, Fong LG (2007). "Prelamin A farnesylation and progeroid syndromes". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (52): 39741–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.R600033200. PMID 17090536.
• Halaschek-Wiener J, Brooks-Wilson A (2007). "Progeria of stem cells: stem cell exhaustion in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome" (PDF). J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 62 (1): 3–8. doi:10.1093/gerona/62.1.3. PMID 17301031. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2019-08-15.
• Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Wilson LC, Mohammed S, Smallwood D, Shackleton S, Atherton DJ, Harper JI (2007). "Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome: clinical findings in three patients carrying the G608G mutation in LMNA and review of the literature". Br. J. Dermatol. 156 (6): 1308–14. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07897.x. PMID 17459035. S2CID 25944330.
• Sliwińska MA (2007). " Polish". Postepy Biochem. 53 (1): 46–52. PMID 17718387.
• Genschel J, Schmidt HH (December 2000). "Mutations in the LMNA gene encoding lamin A/C". Hum. Mutat. 16 (6): 451–9. doi:10.1002/1098-1004(200012)16:6<451::AID-HUMU1>3.0.CO;2-9. PMID 11102973. S2CID 19320913.
• Scaffidi P, Misteli T (April 2005). "Reversal of the cellular phenotype in the premature aging disease Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome". Nat. Med. 11 (4): 440–5. doi:10.1038/nm1204. PMC 1351119. PMID 15750600.
• Bird TD, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A (1993). "Charcot–Marie–Tooth Neuropathy Type 2". PMID 20301462. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Sparks SE, Quijano-Roy S, Harper A, Rutkowski A, Gordon E, Hoffman EP, Pegoraro E, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A (1993). "Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Overview". PMID 20301468. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Hershberger RE, Morales A, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A (1993). "LMNA-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy". PMID 20301717. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Pegoraro E, Hoffman EP, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A (1993). "Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Overview". PMID 20301582. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Bonne G, Leturcq F, Ben Yaou R, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A (1993). "Emery–Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy". PMID 20301609. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Gordon LB, Brown WT, Collins FS, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A (1993). "Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome". PMID 20301300. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Martín B, Smith RJH, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A (1993). "Dense Deposit Disease/Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type II". PMID 20301598. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

External links

• Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, 1A; CMD1A - 115200
• Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): LAMIN A/C; LMNA - 150330
• LMNA+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• LOVD mutation database: LMNA
• GeneCards for LMNA
• Laminopathy Information Site for Lay Public

• Genes on human chromosome 1
• Aging-related genes
• Aging-related proteins