Lower Murray languages - Misplaced Pages

(Redirected from Lower Murray) Family of Pama–Nyungan indigenous Australian languages

Lower Murray
Ngarinyeric-Yithayithic
Geographic distribution	Australia
Linguistic classification	Pama–Nyungan Southeastern Victorian Lower Murray
Subdivisions	Yaralde Ngayawung (†) Yuyu (†) Keramin (†) Yitha-Yitha moribund
Language codes
Glottolog	`lowe1401`
Lower Murray languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan)

The Lower Murray languages form a branch of the Pama–Nyungan family. They are:

Lower Murray
- Ngarinyeri (Yaralde, Yaraldi, Ngarrindjeri, Ramindjeri)
- Ngayawung (Ngayawang) †
- Yuyu (Ngintait, Ngarkat) †
- Keramin †
- Yitha-Yitha moribund

Dixon treats these as isolates, either because they are not close or are too poorly attested to demonstrate they are close. Bowern (2011) adds Peramangk.

References

Bowern, Claire. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?", Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web, December 23, 2011 (corrected February 6, 2012)

Aboriginal peoples of South Australia

Peoples

Communities

APY Lands:	Amaṯa Iltur Indulkana Kalka Kaltjiti (Fregon) Kaṉpi Makiri Mimili Mintabie Nyapaṟi Pipalyatjara Pukatja (Ernabella) Umuwa Watarru Yunyarinyi
Other:	Akenta (Poonindie) Davenport (Umeewarra) Gerard Koonibba Manunka Nepabunna Oak Valley Point Pearce Raukkan (Point McLeay) Swan Reach Yalata
Former:	Colebrook Killalpaninna Ooldea

Notable people

Organisations

Religion and culture

Arkaroo 'Dreamtime' (muda, mura-mura, tjukurrpa, etc.) Tjilbruke Muldjewangk Ngiṉṯaka Wati-kutjara
Indigenous protected areas:	Watarru Mount Willoughby
Co-managed protected areas:	Dhilba Guuranda-Innes Elliot Price Conservation Park Gawler Ranges National Park Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park (part) Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park Lake Gairdner National Park Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park Innamincka Regional Reserve Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park Mamungari Conservation Park Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area Nullarbor Regional Reserve Pureba Conservation Park Strzelecki Regional Reserve Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park Witjira National Park Yumbarra Conservation Park

Languages

Adnyamathanha Antakirinja Arabana Barngarla Dieri Kaurna Narungga Ngadjuri Ngamini (Yarluyandi) Ngarrindjeri Paakantyi Wangkangurru Western Desert language (dialects: Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara) Wirangu Yandruwandha Yarli (Malyangapa) Yuyu
Language groups:	Lower Murray languages Thura-Yura languages Sign languages
Words:	Aṉangu (Western Desert language) Nunga (Aboriginal English)

Laws

Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988 Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966 Aboriginal Witnesses Act Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981 Laws concerning Indigenous Australians Letters Patent
Cases:	List of native title claims in South Australia

History

By state or territory: New South Wales; Northern Territory; Queensland; South Australia; Tasmania; Victoria; Western Australia

Pama–Nyungan languages

Paman languages

North	Adithinngithigh Andjingith Anguthimri Arritinngithigh Awngthim Luthigh Mbiywom Ndrangith Ngkoth Uradhi
Northeast	Umpila
Wik	Ayabadhu Kugu-Muminh Pakanha Wik-Me'nh Wik-Mungkan Wik-Ngathan Wik-Ompom
Lamalamic	Lamalama Morrobolam
Yalanjic	Barrow Point Gugu Yalandyi Guugu Yimidhirr
Southwest	Koko-Bera Kok Thawa Kunjen Ogh-Undjan Kuuk Thaayorre Kuuk Yak Yir-Yoront
Norman	Kurtjar Kuthant
Thaypan	Alungul Angkula Aghu Tharrnggala Ikarranggal Takalak Thaypan
Southern	Mbara-Yanga Mbabaram Walangama Wamin
Other	Djabugay Flinders Island Gugadj Kok Narr Mbariman-Gudhinma Umbindhamu

Eastern Pama–Nyungan

Dyirbalic	Dyirbal Nyawaygi Warrgamay Wulguru
Maric	Badjiri Bidjara Biri Kingkel Bayali Darumbal Warrongo
Waka–Kabic	Barunggam Gabi-Gabi Gureng Gureng Tulua Wakawaka Wuliwuli
Durubalic	Guwar Janday Nunukul Turrbal
Gumbaynggiric	Kumbainggar Yaygir
Wiradhuric	Gamilaraay Ngiyambaa Wiradjuri
Yuin–Kuric	Awabakal Darkinjung Dharug Dhanggati Gathang Ngarigo Ngunnawal Tharawal Dharawal Dhurga Dyirringany Thawa
Gippsland	Dhudhuroa Gunaikurnai Pallanganmiddang
Other	Anewan Bandjalang Kalaw Lagaw Ya Yidiny

Southern Pama–Nyungan

Yotayotic

Kulinic

Kolakngat

Kulin	Bunurong Dja Dja Wurrung Ledji-Ledji Madhi-Madhi Wadi-Wadi Wathaurong Wemba Wemba Woiwurrung–Taungurung
Drual	Bungandidj Dhauwurd Wurrung Kuurn Kopan Noot Yaran

Lower Murray

Thura-Yura

Mirniny

Mirning
Ngadjunmaya

Nyungic

Western Pama–Nyungan

Kartu	Badimaya Malgana Thaagurda Nhanda–Nhanhagardi Wajarri Yinggarda
Kanyara–Mantharta	Kanyara Burduna–Baiyungu Thalanyji–Pinikura Mantharta Tharrgari Warriyangka Thiin Jiwarli
Ngayarta	Jurruru Kurrama Martuthunira Ngarla Ngarluma-Kariyarra Nhuwala Nyamal Nyiyaparli Panyjima Yindjibarndi Yinhawangka
Marrngu	Karajarri Mangala Nyangumarta

Northern Pama–Nyungan

Ngumpin–Yapa	Ngarrga Warlmanpa Warlpiri Ngumbin Walmajarri Djaru Gurindji Bilinarra Mudburra
Warumungu	Warumungu
Warluwaric	Wagaya Bularnu Yindjilandji Warluwarra Yanyuwa
Kalkatungic	Kalkatungu Yalarnnga
Mayi	Mayi-Kulan Mayi-Kutuna Ngawun

Central Pama–Nyungan

Wati	Ngardi Wanman Western Desert
Arandic	Arrernte Kaytetye Lower Arrernte Pertame
Karnic	Arabana Diyari Mithaka Ngamini Yarluyandi Ngura Pitta Pitta Wanggamala Wangka-Yutjurru Wilson River Bundhamara new Wangkumara/Garlali Yandruwandha
Other	Baagandji Bulloo River old Wangkumara/Garlali Muruwari Barranbinja Yarli

Other Pama–Nyungan

Yolŋu	Dhaŋu Dhuwal Djaŋu Djinba Djinaŋ Ritharrŋu Nhaŋu
Other	Lower Burdekin Bindal

Macro-Pama–Nyungan?

Macro-Gunwinyguan

Maningrida	Burarra Ndjébbana Gurr-goni Nakkara
Mangarrayi-Marran	Alawa Mangarrayi Marra Warndarrang Yugul
Gunwinyguan	Anindilyakwa Dalabon Gunbarlang Jawoyn Kunwinjku Ngalakgan Ngandi Nunggubuyu Rembarrnga Uwinymil Waray
Other	Gaagudju Kungarakany Wardaman Wagiman

Tangkic

Garrwan

Italics indicate extinct languages.

Australian Aboriginal and Tasmanian languages

Pama–Nyungan
subgroups

Southeastern

Victorian P–N	Lower Murray Yotayotic Gippsland Kulin Bungandidj
New South Wales P–N	Yuin–Kuric Dhanggati ? Anewan (Nganyaywana) ? Central New South Wales Wiradhuric Barranbinja Muruwari
North Coast	Durubalic Bandjalangic Gumbaynggiric Waka–Kabic

Northern

Western Torres Strait Kalaw Lagaw Ya
Paman	Northern Paman Uradhi Wik Middle Paman Umpilaic Umbindhamuic Lamalamic Umbuygamu Mbarrumbathama Southwest Paman Kuuk Thayorre Southern Paman Mbabaram Flinders Island
Maric	Northern Warrongo Eastern Biri Southern Bidyara–Gungabula Margany–Gunya Bindal ? Guwa–Yanda ? Guwa Yanda Kingkel ? Dharumbal ? Bayali ? Lower Burdekin ?
Dyirbalic	Dyirbal Warrgamay Nyawaygi Lower Burdekin ?
Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic	Guugu Yimidihirr Kuku Yalanji Yidiny
Gulf	Kalkatungic Kalkatungu Yalarnnga Mayi

Central

Arandic–Thura–Yura	Arandic Arrernte Kaytetye Thura–Yura Wirangu Kaurna Adnyamathanha
Karnic	Northern (Palku) Pitta-Pitta Western Arabana–Wangkangurru Central Diyari Yandruwandha Eastern Wilson River (Wangkumara) Bulloo River (Galali) ?
Yarli Paakantyi

Western

Yolŋu	Dhaŋu–Djaŋu Ritharrŋu Nhaŋu Dhuwal–Dhuwala Djambarrpuyŋu Gupapuyŋu Djinaŋ Djinba Ganhalpuyŋu
Ngarna/Warluwarric	Yanyuwa Southern Ngarru Thawa
Desert Nyungic	Marrngu Ngumpin–Yapa Ngumpin Yapa Warumungu ? Wati
South-West P–N	Pilbara Ngayarda Kanyara–Mantharta Kartu–Nhanda Yinggarda ? Mirning Nyunga

Proto-Pama–Nyungan

Tangkic

Lardil (register: Damin)
Kayardild
Yukulta (Ganggalida, Nyangga)
Mingginda (Minkin)

Garrwan

Garawa (Garrwa, north)
Waanyi (Wanji, south)
Gunindiri (Kurnindirri, southwest)

Macro-Gunwinyguan ?

Maningrida

Marran

Gunwinyguan proper

Western	Jawoyn (Djauan) Waray Uwinymil
Central	Bininj Kunwok (Kunwinjku, Gunwinggu) Kunbarlang Dalabon (Ngalkbun)
Eastern	Rembarrnga Ngalakgan Ngandi Nunggubuyu (Wubuy) Anindilyakwa (Enindhilyagwa)

Yangmanic–Wagiman?

Other isolates

Iwaidjan

Central (Warrkbi)	Iwaidja Garig–Ilgar Garig Ilgar
Eastern (Goulburn Island)	Maung Manangkari
Southern	Amurdag

Marrku–Wurrugu ?

Darwin Region ?

Gulumoerrgin (Larrakia)
Limilngan–Wulna?	Limilngan Wulna
Umbugarlic	Umbugarla Ngurmbur Bugurnidja

Daly River Sprachbund

Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)	Batjamalh (Wadjiginy) Pungu Pungu (Kandjerramalh)
Northern Daly	Malak-Malak (Nguluk Wanggar) Tyerraty
Western Daly	Marri Ngarr Magati Ke Merranunggu Marrithiyel Marramaninjsji
Eastern Daly	Matngele (Werret/Dakayu) Kamu
Southern Daly	Murrinh-patha Ngan’gityemerri

Mirndi

Jingulu

Yirram	Nungali Jaminjung
Ngurlun	Ngarnka Wambaya

Jarrakan

Bunuban

Worrorran

Wunambal (Northern)
Ngarinyin (Eastern)
Worrorra (Western)

Nyulnyulan

Western (Nyulnyulic)	Nyulnyul Bardi Jawi Djabirr-Djabirr Nimanburru
Eastern (Dyukun)	Yawuru Dyugun Warrwa Nyigina Ngumbarl

isolates

Tasmanian
family-level groups

Western	Northwestern Tasmanian (Peerapper) Southwestern Tasmanian (Toogee) ?
Northern	Northern Tasmanian (Tommeginne) Port Sorell
Northeastern	Pyemmairre (Northeastern) Tyerrernotepanner (North Midland) Lhotsky/Blackhouse Norman
Eastern	Oyster Bay (Paredarerme) Little Swanport Southeast Tasmanian (Nuenonne) Bruny Island

New Indigenous
languages and
Aboriginal Englishes

Creoles

Australian Kriol	Roper River Kriol (Ngukurr) Bamyili Kriol (Barunga) Kimberley Kriol (Fitzroy Valley) Daly River Kriol Westside Kriol (Victoria River) Barkly Kriol Mornington Island Creole Kowanyama Creole
Northeastern creoles	Torres Strait Creole (Yumplatok) Cape York Creole Lockhart River Creole Napranum Creole

Pidgins

Mixed languages

Others

Neo-Nyungar
Nunga English
Yarrie Lingo
Palm Talk
Woorie Talk
Cherbourg Talk
Murdi Language

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